Kingdom: Plantae
(Unranked): Angiosperms
(Unranked): Eudicots
(Unranked): Rosids
Order: Myrtales
Family: Myrtaceae
Genus: Metrosideros
Species: M. bartlettii
Binomial name: Metrosideros bartlettii
Common name: Bartlett's rātā, Cape Reinga white rātā, Rata moehau
Metrosideros bartlettii is one of twelve Metrosideros species endemic to New Zealand and is notable for its extreme rarity and its white flowers, somewhat uncommon in that genus of red-flowered trees and plants. Its natural range is in the far north of the North Island at Te Paki, in three patches of dense native forest near Spirits Bay (34° S) that escaped destruction by fire, namely Radar Bush, Kohuronaki Bush, and Unuwhao Bush. Only 34 adult trees are known to exist in the wild. The lack of fossil evidence elsewhere suggests that the tree may always have been restricted to the North Cape area, which was an island until it was connected to the mainland by the sandspit that constitutes Ninety Mile Beach.
Metrosideros bartlettii was discovered by John Bartlett, a schoolteacher from Auckland, in 1975. He found an unusual tree growing in Radar Bush, 9.5 km south-east of Cape Reinga. Almost ten years passed before the flowers were collected, making possible a scientific description of the tree. Bartlett's rātā grows to a height of up to thirty metres, usually beginning life as a hemi-epiphyte on taraire (Beilschmiedia tarairi), pūriri (Vitex lucens), rewarewa (Knightia excelsa) or tree ferns (Cyathea spp.). Occasionally, the tree is found growing on the ground on rock outcrops and rocky cliffs. The leaves of Bartlett's rātā taper to a point at the tip. The tree bears white flowers made up of a mass of stamens in November or December. Seed ripens in March or April. The trunk is up to 1.5 m in diameter. Apart from the colour of the flowers, Bartlett's rātā resembles northern rātā (Metrosideros robusta) but can be distinguished by the small white flowers and by the leaves, which taper to a point at the tip, while those of northern rātā are notched at the tip. Also distinctive is the white or whitish-grey bark that peels easily into soft flakes, which it is thought may offer resistance to fire damage. This may have been a key factor in the tree's precarious survival in an area prone to forests fire.
Although in the plant is in cultivation, the majority of cultivated plants come from one tree. Only 34 adult Bartlett's rātā are known to exist in the wild, and most of these are growing on privately owned land. Many of the specimens are isolated from other trees with the result that there is a minimal transfer of pollen and few seeds are set. (Analyses of the DNA have shown that there is very little genetic variation)? The species is also vulnerable to browsing animals, and at risk of destruction by fire or by changes in the land management practices of the landowners.
Threat Status is Nationally Critical
A tree growing on the campus of the University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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A young tree growing at Otari Wilton Bush Reserve, Wellington
The top surface of a leaf.
The underside of a leaf.
Thanks to Wikipedia for text and information http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
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